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The FDA agreed that there is “some credible evidence” of the benefit of eating yogurt as a whole food, but not because of any particular nutrient in it...
Digital Desk: Sharp-eyed grocery shoppers may notice new labels in the dairy aisle touting yogurt as a way to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. That’s because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently said it’s OK for producers of yogurt to make that claim — even though the agency acknowledged that it’s based on limited evidence.
Danone North America, the U.S. branch of the French firm that makes several popular yogurt brands, asked the FDA in 2018 for clearance to make what is known as a “qualified health claim.” FDA gave Danone the nod in March.
The way the FDA sees it, there’s some support — but not significant scientific agreement — that eating at least 2 cups of yogurt per week may reduce the risk of developing the disease that affects about 36 million Americans.
So, what exactly is a ‘qualified health claim’? These are claims that lack full scientific support but are permitted as long as the product labels include disclaimers to keep from misleading the public.
They have been allowed for dietary supplements since 2000 and for foods since 2002, ever since the FDA faced lawsuits challenging the standard of requiring scientific agreement for product claims. Back then, lawyers successfully argued that such standards violated free speech rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution.
Rather than fight proposed label changes in court, the FDA created a new category, separate from authorized health claims, in which products must prove significant scientific agreement among qualified experts that they reduce the risk of a disease or a health-related condition.
But what do experts say about yogurt and Type 2 diabetes? Danone submitted information from studies that observed participants over time and found a link between eating yogurt and lower markers of diabetes. The FDA agreed that there is “some credible evidence” of the benefit of eating yogurt as a whole food, but not because of any particular nutrient in it.
In other words, there is no direct evidence that yogurt can prevent diabetes — only weak evidence that eating yogurt may be associated with reducing certain biomarkers that are related to an increased risk of the disease.
Critics questioned the approval of the claim, saying it’s not based on gold-standard randomized controlled trials that could have proven whether yogurt reduces Type 2 diabetes risk.
No single food can reduce the risk of a disease tied to overall diet, the advocacy group Center for Science in the Public Interest said. The label change might raise the risk of diabetes by encouraging the consumption of yogurt types that include added sugars and mix-ins such as cookies and pretzels.
Marion Nestle, a food policy expert, said qualified health claims based on limited evidence are ridiculous on their face.
While the FDA's decision to allow yogurt makers to claim a reduction in diabetes risk may seem beneficial at first glance, it underscores the complexities of navigating health claims in the food industry. Consumers should approach such claims with caution and always consider the broader context of their dietary choices.
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