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Digital Desk:
In Manipur, three per cent of pregnant women aged 18 to 49 have suffered physical violence during one or more of their pregnancies.
Digital Desk: Physical dominance by a spouse, threat and raping of women are found common mainly in various states of India, no doubt that Manipur too is one of them.
According to represented data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), it is stated that in the record of 2019-21, more than half (44%) of married women aged 18-49 years in Manipur had suffered physical or sexual assault.
In Manipur, 33% of women aged 18 to 49 have ever experienced physical abuse (including 38% of married women and 15% of never-married women), and 1% have ever experienced sexual assault.
In total, 37% of women have encountered physical or sexual assault, and 4% have experienced both types of abuse.
According to the survey, the current husband was the most common culprit for ever-married women who had experienced physical violence since the age of 15.
The NHF survey reported that 3% of women in Manipur aged 18 to 49 who have ever been pregnant had experienced physical violence during one or more of their pregnancies.
According to the report, women with eight to nine years of education, one to two children, and widowed, divorced, separated, or deserted are more likely than women in other groups to experience violence during pregnancy.
Spousal violence is more common among women in rural areas (45%) than in urban areas (37%) and among women who work for money (52%) than women who do not work (31 per cent). The husband's attributes are also linked to overall spousal violence (emotional, physical, or sexual).
To sum up, in a detailed way, the survey team puts the sample in this way that, women are more likely to experience spousal violence if their spouse gets drunk frequently (75%), displays one-two marital control behaviour (54%), gets drunk occasionally (44%), or never went to school (42 per cent).
Following the above data, more than half of women (54%) who say they are fearful of their husbands most of the time have suffered marital abuse.
In Manipur, 72% of women own cell phones that they use individually. Seventy-seven per cent of women own the home alone or jointly with another person, and twenty-five per cent own land alone or jointly with another person.
Nearly three-quarters of women (74%) have a bank or savings account that they use individually. In the 12 months before the study, only 49% of all women aged 15-49 were employed, compared to 82% of men.
In Manipur, 81% use sanitary napkins, 64% use cloth, 4% use locally produced napkins, and less than 1% (0.1%) use tampons.
Overall, 83% of women aged 15 to 24 employ a sanitary form of menstruation protection, up from 76% in NFHS-4.
Notably, only 80% of rural women use a sanitary technique for menstruation protection compared to 90% of urban women.
Sexual intercourse with someone who is neither a spouse nor a cohabiting partner is higher-risk sex. Less than 1% (0.2%) of women and 5% of men who had sex in the previous 12 months said they had higher-risk sex.
In urban areas, the percentage of men who had higher-risk sexual intercourse in the previous 12 months is somewhat greater (7%) compared to rural areas (five per cent). Less than 1% (0.2%) of men indicated they had paid for sex in the previous year.
The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), the State Health Insurance Scheme, and the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana are the three most common programmes in Manipur (RSBY).
In Manipur, just 8% of women and 7% of males aged 15 to 49 are covered by any health care insurance or finance scheme.
Notably, the Research and Development Initiative (RDI) Pvt. Ltd. performed NFHS-5 fieldwork in all nine districts of Manipur from July 25, 2019, to January 27, 2020.
A total of 7,881 families, 8,042 women, aged 15 to 49 (including 1,256 women interviewed in PSUs in the state module), and 1,162 men aged 15 to 54 provided data.
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